Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms

Document Type : Research Article-en

Authors

• F. Azadshahraki ¹
• K. Sharifi ²
• B. Jamshidi ¹
• R. Karimzadeh ³
• H. Naderi ⁴

¹ Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

² Research Department of Plant Pathology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

⁴ MSc. in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Vanda Atlas Technologists Company, Karaj, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2021.67436.1001

Abstract

Early diagnosis of plant diseases before the occurrence of symptoms can reduce the loss of the yield and increase the quality of agricultural crops. It also reduces the consumption of pesticides, environmental risks, and the cost of production. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were non-destructive diagnosis of early blight of tomato plant and discrimination of the most important agents of early blight (A. solani and A. alternate) in the primary stages of incidence of the disease before appearing visual symptoms using Vis-NIR spectroscopy (400-900 nm). The spectral data were acquired from the leaves of the plants infected with A. solani and A. alternate, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours after inoculation. To develop the recognition model based on the spectral data, principal components analysis (PCA) coupled with artificial neural network (ANN) was used. The results showed that the PCA-ANN model could diagnose the infected plants and pathogen species with accuracy of 93-100% for test set samples. In 96 hours after inoculation, in addition to the simpler model (8 PCs and 3 neurons in hidden layer), accuracy of 100% was obtained. At all times after inoculation, there was no error in diagnosis of the plants infected with A. solani that is more pathogenic and aggressive than other species, from healthy plants. Early blight in tomato plant and the type of pathogen before visual symptoms, without any plant sample preparation, could be diagnosed non-destructively (with accuracy of 93-100%) using Vis-NIR (400-900 nm) spectroscopy coupled with PCA-ANN. It was concluded that this technology could be used for rapid, low-cost, and early diagnosis of this disease in tomato plant instead of time-consuming, expensive, and destructive laboratory methods.

Keywords

• Early blight
• NIR spectroscopy
• Principal components analysis
• Tomato plants

20.1001.1.22286829.1401.12.1.7.7

Open Access

©2022 The author(s). This article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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