@article { author = {Hasantabar, S. and Mousavi Seyedi, S. R. and Kalantari, D.}, title = {Construction of a Seed Pod Husker and Evaluating with Soybean in Laboratory Scale}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Machinery}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {15-29}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2228-6829}, eissn = {2423-3943}, doi = {10.22067/jam.v9i1.66218}, abstract = {Introduction Nowadays, due to growth and development of the husbandry and its worthiness in providing human basic needs, affecting parameters such as costs, efficiency and fuel consumption is significantly important. So, increasing the efficiency of threshing machine could lead us to huge savings in energy. However using the conventional drums and concaves have some problems such as damaging  seeds due to impact, complicated manufacturing technology and spending a lot of energy in separating process. Therefore in order to overcome above mentioned problems especially energy consumption, a new seed pod husker based on rubbing was designed, fabricated and tested in this research. Materials and Methods Practical tests of this device were carried out on soybean which was harvested in a farm of Babolsar city. The experimental design was simple randomized complete design with three replications. The rotational speed of rollers and distance between rollers varied in three levels of 110, 170, and 210 rpm and 7, 8, and 9 mm for soybean.  The measured parameters consisted of efficiency, separation and loss. For designing the seed pod husker, the required electric motor power and the torque for separating seeds from its pods were calculated. After reviewing the physical and mechanical characteristic of some seed pod crops specially, soybean, a seed pod husker was designed in SOLIDWORKS 2013 software. In order to facilitate seeds separation from the pod, it was preferred to use the right-round and left-round Archimedes screw on the rollers. According to the preliminary evaluations, it was considered to use a speed range of 110 to 210 rpm; it was because of that the speed lower than 110 rpm was not able to open pods and the speed higher than 210 rpm caused hyper movements of pods. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean comparisons and interaction between the parameters were performed using the SPSS 22 software. Results and Discussion The results indicated that the rollers were acceptable and sticking of pods were not seen. Results indicated that the efficiency of this device was increased with increasing the rotational speed and then was decreased. Increasing the rotational speed was led to increase separation. It is because of this fact that the performance of the husker’s component will be more powerful and crops suffer bigger impacts. The chart of device loss had a relatively upward slope. It could be due to a tougher collision between the seeds and the rollers. Increasing the roller distance, first decreased the efficiency of soybean and then increased that. The results indicated that separation efficiency decreased by increasing the distance. The reason for that was due to unavailable necessary force to separate the seed and pod. As the roller distance increased, the total losses of the device also increased. The reason for this was likely increasing in the movement of the seeds. Conclusion The results of practical tests and qualitative observations showed that the device had sufficient resistance against the maximum torque produced by the crop. Influence of rotational speed of rollers and rollers clearance on the efficiency, separation and loss were significant for new fabricated seed pod husker (p < 0.01). The capacity of the machine for soybean was 28.506 (kg hr-1). To achieve maximum efficiency, maximum separation and minimum loss for soybean, authors suggest using (9mm-170rpm), (7mm-210rpm) and (9mm-110rpm) compounds, respectively. Eventually, it is suggested to evaluate this machine for other seed pod crops and for other parameters such as germination percentage, electric conductivity and ergonomic issues such as noise and machine vibration. Of course, it is recommended to survey the impact of length of husking roller, shaft rotation method and thread types on measurement parameters.          }, keywords = {Drum and Concave,Husker,Seed Pod,Soybean}, title_fa = {ساخت یک نوع دستگاه پوست‌کن دانه‌های غلافی و ارزیابی آن به کمک سویا در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی}, abstract_fa = {در پژوهش حاضر به طراحی و ساخت یک دستگاه کوبنده جدید بر مبنای مالش با استفاده از روابط، جداول و استانداردهای طراحی اجزای ماشین پرداخته شد و عملکرد آن مورد تحلیل و مقایسه علمی و عملی قرار گرفت. این کوبنده ساخته شده دارای موتور الکتریکی، اینورتر، غلتک‌های پوست‌کنی، جک مکانیکی، تسمه و غیره است. دستگاه دارای عرض کار 30 سانتی‌متر، ارتفاع کاری متغیر 10 سانتی‌متر، سرعت دورانی متغیر بین 110 تا 210 دور بر دقیقه و حداکثر توان 2 اسب بخار می‌باشد. آزمون عملی این دستگاه برای محصول سویا که از زمین زراعی واقع در شهرستان بابلسر برداشت شده بود، به اجرا درآمد. در بررسی دستگاه سرعت دورانی و فاصله بین کوبنده و ضدکوبنده به‌ترتیب در سه سطح (110، 170 و 210 دور بر دقیقه) و (7، 8 و 9 میلی‌متر) در نظر گرفته شد. این آزمایشات در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با آزمایش فاکتوریل در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. این آزمایشات همچنین نشان داد که ظرفیت دستگاه برای سویا رقم سحر 5/28 کیلوگرم در ساعت بوده است. بهترین راندمان دستگاه عدد 1/93% بود که در سرعت دورانی170 دور بر دقیقه و فاصله 9 میلی‌متر به‌دست آمد. بهترین بازده جدایش به‌دست آمده برای دستگاه 3/92% بود که در سرعت دورانی210 دور بر دقیقه و فاصله کوبنده 7 میلی‌متر به‌دست آمد. درصد تلفات کل دستگاه نیز در سرعت دورانی170 دور بر دقیقه و فاصله 7 میلی‌متر به کمترین حد خود یعنی 7/1% رسید. در نهایت می‌توان پیشنهاد کرد که برای حصول حداکثر راندمان، حداکثر جدایش و حداقل تلفات برای سویا می‌توان به‌ترتیب از ترکیب (rpm 170- mm 9)، (rpm 210- mm 7) و (rpm 170- mm 7) استفاده نمود. }, keywords_fa = {دانه‌های غلافی,دستگاهِ پوست‌کن,سویا,کوبنده و ضدکوبنده}, url = {https://jame.um.ac.ir/article_33336.html}, eprint = {https://jame.um.ac.ir/article_33336_5b38ffaf82528121dc96c79cd36628e0.pdf} }