@article { author = {Heidari, A.}, title = {Effect of Inter-row Tillage on Yield and Water Productivity of Sugar Beet}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Machinery}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {313-323}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2228-6829}, eissn = {2423-3943}, doi = {10.22067/jam.v10i2.76864}, abstract = {IntroductionSoil compaction reduces soil porosity and thus, increases the resistance and bulk density of the soil. These changes limit water and air movement and root penetration in the soil and ultimately, they may reduce the seed germination and the crop yield. For planting sugar beets, tractors and equipment need to move several times on the ground, which is a factor in soil re-compaction and the loss of the effects of previous tillage. Therefore, if, after planting, inter-row tillage was done, it can have a positive effect on reducing the bulk density of the soil and it may even increase yield.  Materials and MethodsAn experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inter-row tillage on the sugar beet yield and its quality and water use efficiency during two years cropping period (2016-2017) in Ekbatan Research Station, Hamadan with loam texture soil. A strip plot experiment with eight treatments and three replications was used. Irrigation regimes consist of 100% of sugar beet water requirement (I1) and 75% of sugar beet water requirement (I2) were considered as main plots. Inter-row tillage operations consist of  combined cultivator equipped with chisel and crescent blades to 20-25 cm soil depth (T1), a simple cultivator equipped with crescent blades (T2), crescent cultivator + inter-row subsoiling to 30-35 cm soil depth (T3), combined cultivator equipped with rotary and sweep blades to 20-25 cm soil depth were considered (T4 ) as sub-plots. During the experiment, some physical properties of soil including bulk density and soil cone index were measured. At the end of the growth season, the root yield and yield of white sugar were measured and analyzed statistically. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the effect of inter-row tillage methods on the soil bulk density and soil cone index was significant. The T3 treatment (crescent cultivator + inter-row subsoiling to 30-35 cm soil depth) had the highest effect on reducing the cone index and bulk density of soil, but the lowest root yield was obtained.  Due to the low spacing of rows (50 cm) in the sugar beet cultivation, as well as the structure of the subsoiler and its depth, it is possible that the subsoiling caused the moving of the roots and minor damage to it. The effects of irrigation and inter-row tillage and their interactions on quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet were not significant. The results of analysis of variance of treatment effect on the water use efficiency showed that the effect of inter-row tillage on the water use efficiency was not significant. The effect of water requirement on the water use efficiency on the basis of sugar and white sugar performance was significant at 5% probability level. The treatment of 75% of water requirement increased the efficiency of water use based on the root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield by 4%, 14% and 7%, respectively. Therefore, with the goal of reducing water consumption and not significantly reducing the yield, after plant establishment, it can reduce water use by about 25%. ConclusionThe effect of inter-row tillage on the cone index and bulk density of soil was significant and subsoiling treatment caused a further reduction of these two indices compared to the other inter-row tillage methods. The effect of inter-row tillage and water requirement on root and sugar yields was not significant. According to the results, after planting completely establishment, the water use can be reduced by about 25% (this decrease in the total length of sugar beet growing was about 15%).}, keywords = {Cultivator,Inter-row subsoiling,Soil compaction,Sugar beet,Water requirements}, title_fa = {اثر خاک‌ورزی بین ردیفی بر عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب چغندرقند}, abstract_fa = {تراکم خاک موجب کاهش خلل و فرج خاک و در نتیجه افزایش مقاومت و چگالی ظاهری خاک می‌شود. اگر بعد از کاشت، بین ردیف‌ها مجدداً خاک‌ورزی انجام شود، می‌تواند اثرات مثبتی بر کاهش فشردگی خاک و همچنین بر عملکرد محصول داشته باشد. این تحقیق به مدت دو سال (1396-1395) با هدف خاک‌ورزی بین ردیفی به‌منظور کاهش اثرات منفی تراکم خاک و نیز نرم کردن خاک اطراف ریشه چغندرقند در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اکباتان همدان با خاکی لومی و در قالب طرح آزمایشی کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده در سه تکرار اجرا شد. آبیاری در دو سطح شامل: 100درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (I1) و 75 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (I2) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و خاک‌ورزی بین ردیفی در چهار سطح شامل: کولتیواتور مرکب مجهز به تیغه‌های هلالی و قلمی به عمق 25-20 سانتی‌متر (T1)، کولتیواتور هلالی (T2)، کولتیواتور هلالی+ نیمه‌زیرشکن به عمق 35-30 سانتی‌متر (T3) و ماشین مرکب روتیواتور بین ردیفی مجهز به کولتیواتور دوار و تیغه پنجه‌غازی به عمق 25-20 سانتی‌متر (T4) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. در حین آزمایش برخی خواص فیزیکی خاک شامل چگالی ظاهری و شاخص مخروط خاک در کف جویچه اندازه‌گیری شدند. در پایان فصل رشد، عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد شکر سفید اندازه‌گیری و محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر روش‌های خاک‌ورزی بین ردیفی بر شاخص‌های چگالی ظاهری خاک و شاخص مخروط خاک معنی‌دار شدند و تیمار T3 (کولتیواتور هلالی+ نیمه‌زیرشکن به عمق 35-30 سانتی‌متر) نسبت به بقیه تیمارها کمترین مقدار چگالی ظاهری و شاخص مخروط خاک داشتند. اثر روش‌های خاک‌ورزی بین ردیفی و سطوح آبیاری و نیز اثرات متقابل آن‌ها بر عملکرد ریشه و شکر سفید معنی‌دار نبودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر خاک‌ورزی بین ردیفی بر کارآیی مصرف آب معنی‌دار نبود. اثر نیاز آبی بر کارآیی مصرف آب بر اساس عملکرد شکر و شکر سفید معنی‌دار بود. نیاز آبی 75 درصد نسبت به نیاز آبی 100 درصد، کارآیی مصرف آب بر اساس عمکرد ریشه، شکر و شکر سفید را به‌ترتیب 4، 14 و 7 درصد افزایش داد. بنابراین با هدف کاهش مصرف آب و عدم کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد، می‌توان پس از استقرار گیاه حدود 25% مصرف آب را کاهش داد.}, keywords_fa = {تراکم خاک,چغندرقند,زیرشکنی بین ردیفی,کولتیواتور,نیاز آبی}, url = {https://jame.um.ac.ir/article_34428.html}, eprint = {https://jame.um.ac.ir/article_34428_0fcb9893a1edbb420576ae58a7b6175a.pdf} }