مقایسه عملکرد تیغه کامپوزیت پلیمر تقویت شده با الیاف (FRP) با تیغه فولادی مورد استفاده در گاوآهن قلمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی لاتین

نویسندگان

• محمد رحمتیان ¹
• سید حسین کار پرورفرد ¹
• محمد امین نعمت اللهی ¹
• احمد شریفی مالواجردی ²

¹ بخش مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

² مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.v12i1.81980

چکیده

در سراسر دنیا، کشاورزان ادوات مختلفی را برای خاک‌ورزی انتخاب می‌کنند که این به نوع محصول، نوع خاک، میزان باقی‌مانده گیاه از محصول قبلی و غیره بستگی دارد. انتخاب ابزار خاک‌ورزی نیز تحت تأثیر در دسترس بودن ابزارآلات، توان مصرفی، هزینه‌های کارگری و سرمایه‌های موجود است. در این تحقیق، نیروی کششی، سطح مقطع به‌هم خوردگی خاک، شاخص مخروط خاک و مصرف سوخت در نظر گرفته شد. اثرات زاویه حمله، سرعت پیشروی و رطوبت خاک بر پارامترهای نام برده بررسی شد. در این تحقیق، مقایسه‌ای بین عملکرد تیغه کامپوزیت پلیمر تقویت شده با الیاف (FRP) و تیغه فولادی معمولی انجام شد. آزمایش‌ها بر اساس آزمایش کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده بر پایه‌ی طرح کاملاً تصادفی، انجام شد. عوامل رطوبت خاک، زاویه حمله و سرعت پیشروی در سه سطح گنجانده شد. سه سطح برای رطوبت خاک (9.3، 13، 16.7%)، زاویه حمله (20، 30، 40 درجه) و سرعت پیشروی (3، 5، 7 کیلومتر در ساعت) در نظر گرفته شد. تیغه کامپوزیت FRP به‌طور متوسط در محدوده مورد نظر برای متغیرها باعث کاهش نیروی کششی، مصرف سوخت و شاخص مخروط خاک به‌ترتیب 14.97%، 16.63% و 35.08% نسبت به تیغه فولادی شده است. همچنین، سطح به‌هم خوردگی خاک ایجاد شده توسط تیغه کامپوزیت FRP،4.93% بیشتر از تیغه فولادی بود. با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه، مشخص است که تیغه کامپوزیت FRP عملکرد بهتری نسبت به تیغه فولادی معمولی برای متغیرهای آزمون فوق دارد. با توجه به این‌که کامپوزیت FRP از فولاد ارزان‌تر است، این امر منجر به صرفه‌جویی قابل‌توجهی در تولید تیغه کامپوزیت FRP مورد استفاده در گاوآهن چیزل و ابزارهای خاک‌ورزی مرکب می‌شود که از نظر اقتصادی برای کشاورز و تولیدکننده مقرون به صرفه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تیغه کامپوزیت FRP
• تیغه فولادی
• زاویه حمله
• سرعت پیشروی
• میزان رطوبت خاک

20.1001.1.22286829.1401.12.1.1.1

Open Access

©2022 The author(s). This article is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

مراجع

1. Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Y., R. Alimardani, A. Khalilian, A. R. Keyhani, S. H. Sadati. 2006. Energy requirement of site- specific and conventional tillage as affected by tractor speed and soil parameters. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 8 (4): 499-503.
2. Akbarnia, A., A. Mohammadi, R. Alimardani, and F. Farhani. 2014. Simulation of draft force of winged share tillage tool using artificial neural network model. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 16 (4): 57-65.
3. Alimardani, R., Y. Abbaspour-Gilandeh, A. Khalilian, A. R. Keyhani, S. H. Sadati. 2007. Energy savings with variable-depth tillage "A precision farming practice". American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science, 2 (4): 442-447.
4. Al-Jasim, A. 1993. The technical and economic indicators for soil harrowing with disk harrows. Mijalat al-3ulu: m al-zira: 3iyyat al-3ira: qiyyat (Iraq).
5. Aluko, O., D. Seig. 2000. An experimental investigation of the characteristics and conditions for brittle fracture in two-dimensional soil cutting. Soil and Tillage Research 57 (3): 143-157.
6. 2006a. S313.3FEB04. Soil Cone Penetrometer. Mich: ASABE, St. Joseph.
7. Askari, M., and Y. Abbaspour-Gilandeh. 2019. Assessment of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and response surface methodology approaches in draft force prediction of subsoiling tines. Soil and Tillage Research 194: 104338.
8. Barzegar, M., S. J. Hashemi, H. Nazokdast, and R. Karimi. 2016. Evaluating the draft force and soil-tool adhesion of a UHMW-PE coated furrower. Soil and Tillage Research 163: 160-167.
9. Barzegar, M., S. J. Hashemi, and R. Karimi. 2017. Analytical and experimental draft force evaluation of plastic coated chisel tines. Journal of Agricultural Machinery 7 (2): 480-490. (In Farsi).
10. Biscaia, H. C., and C. Chastre. 2018. Theoretical analysis of fracture in double overlap bonded joints with FRP composites and thin steel plates. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 190: 435-460.
11. Chaplain, V., P. Défossez, G. Richard, D. Tessier, and J. Roger-Estrade. 2011. Contrasted effects of no-till on bulk density of soil and mechanical resistance. Soil and Tillage Research 111 (2): 105-114.
12. Chen, D., L. Ren, A. Li, and J. Hu. 1990. Study on the method of collecting the body surface liquid of earthworms. Transactions of Chinese Societyof Agricultural Engineering 6 (2).
13. Conte, O., R. Levien, H. Debiasi, S. Leandro, M. Mazurana, and J. Muller. 2011. Soil disturbance index as an indicator of seed drill efficiency in no-tillage agrosystems. Soil and Tillage Research 114: 37-42.
14. Gill, W. R., G. E. Vanden-Berg. 1968. Assessment of the dynamic properties of soils. Agriculture handbook. No. 316. U. S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D. C.
15. Godwin, R. 2007. A review of the effect of implement geometry on soil failure and implement forces. Soil and Tillage Research 97 (2): 331-340.
16. Goodin,, and J. D. Priddy. 2016. Comparison of SPH simulations and cone index tests for cohesive soils. Journal of Terramechanics 66: 49-57.
17. Hang, C., Y. Huang, and R. 2017. Analysis of the movement behaviour of soil between subsoilers based on the discrete element method. Journal of Terramechanics 74: 35-43.
18. Hemmat, A., I. Ahmadi, and A. Masoumi. 2007. Water infiltration and clod size distribution as influenced by ploughshare type, soil water content and ploughing depth. Biosystems Engineering 97 (2): 257-266.
19. Ibrahmi, A., H. Bentaher, E. Hamza, A. Maalej, and A. Mouazen. 2015. Study the effect of tool geometry and operational conditions on mouldboard plough forces and energy requirement: Part 2. Experimental validation with soil bin test. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 117: 268-275.
20. Jafari, R., S. H. Karparvarfard, and S. A. Hosseini. 2011. The Effect of Geometry and Motion Characteristics of Narrow Tillage Tool on Soil Disturbance Efficiency. Tarım Makinaları Bilimi Dergisi 7 (3).
21. Jauharia, N., R. Mishrab, and H. Thakur. 2016. Stress analysis in FRP composites. Perspective in Science 8: 1-3.
22. Karparvarfard, S. H., and H. Rahmanian-Koushkaki. 2015. Development of a fuel consumption equation: test case for a tractor chisel-ploughing in a clay loam soil. Biosystems Engineering 130 (1): 23-33.
23. Kepner, R. A., R. Bainer, and E. L. Barger. 1972. Principles of Farm Machinery. 2nd Ed. Avi Pub Co. New York, USA.
24. Khalilian, A., T. Garner, H. Musen, R. Dodd, and S. A. Hale. 1988. Energy for conservation tillage in Coastal Plain soils. Transactions of the ASAE, 31 (5): 1333-1337.
25. Kumar, A., Y. Chen, A. Sadek, and S. Rahman. 2012. Soil cone index in relation to soil texture, moisture content, and bulk density for no-tillage and conventional tillage. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 14 (1): 26-37.
26. Lin, J., Y. Sun, P. S. Lammers. 2014. Evaluating model-based relationship of cone index, soil water content and bulk density using dual-sensor penetrometer data. Soil and Tillage Research 138: 9-16.
27. Liu, J., and R. Kushwaha. 2006. Modeling of soil profile produced by a single sweep tool. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 8: 1-13.
28. Manuwa, S. 2009. Performance evaluation of tillage tines operating under different depths in a sandy clay loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research 103 (2): 399-405.
29. Manuwa, S. I. 2012. Evaluation of Soil/Material Interface Friction and Adhesion of Akure Sandy Clay Loam Soils in Southwestern Nigeria. Advances in Natural Science 5 (1): 41-46.
30. Mazaheri, H., M. Fazel-Najafabadi, and A. Alaei. 2015. Study of microstructure and tribological behavior of the composite layer produced of silicon carbide particles on a steel ASTM A106 GTAW welding method. Journal of Science and Technology of Composites 2 (1): 65-72. (In Farsi).
31. Natsis, A., G. Papadakis and J. Pitsilis. 1999. The influence of soil type, soil water and share sharpness of a mouldboard plough on energy consumption, rate of work and tillage quality. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 72: 171-176.
32. Patel, M. A., H. S. Patel, and G. Dadhich. 2013. Prediction of Subgrade Strength Parameters from Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Index, Modified Liquid Limit and Moisture Content. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 104: 245-254.
33. Pillinger, G., Géczy, Z. Hudoba, and P. Kiss. 2018. Determination of soil density by cone index data. Journal of Terramechanics 77: 69-74.
34. Qian, D. H., and J. X. Zhang. 1984. Research on adhesion and friction of soil against metallic materials. Acta Agromech 15 (1): 70-81.
35. Rahman, S., and Y. Chen. 2001. Laboratory investigation of cutting forces and soil disturbance resulting from different manure incorporation tools in a loamy sand soil. Soil and Tillage. Research 58 (1): 19-29.
36. Rahmanian-Koushkaki, H., S. H. Karparvarfard, and A. Mortezaei. 2015. The effect of the operational characteristics of the tractor composite electronic measurement system by the standards of emotion on the performance of chisel plows in a clay loam soil. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 17 (1): 44-49.
37. Rahmatian, M., S. H. Karparvarfard, and M. A. Nematollahi. 2018. Prediction for optimizing performance of chisel blade used in combined tillage to obtain suitable effectiveness. Iran Journal Biosystems Engineering 49 (1): 73-82. (In Farsi).
38. Ranjbarian, S., M. Askari, and J. Jannatkhah. 2017. Performance of tractor and tillage implements in clay soil. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 16: 154-162.
39. Raper, R. L., and A. K. Sharma. 2004. Soil moisture effects on energy requirements and soil disruption of subsoiling a coastal plain soil. Transactions of the ASAE 47 (6).
40. Ren, L., D. Chen, and J. Hu. 1990. Initial analysis on the law of reducing adhesion of soil animals. China Society Agricultural Engineering, 6 (1): 15-21.
41. RNAM standard. 1995. RNAM test codes and procedures for farm machinery/Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery. RNAM technical publications: 12. Bangkok, Thailand.
42. Salokhe, V. M., D. Gee-Clough, S. Manzoor, and K. K. Singh. 1990. Improvement of the tractive performance of cage wheel lugs by enamel coating. Journal Agricultural Engineering Research, 45: 209-224.
43. Sanchez-Giron, V., J. Ramı́rez, J. Litago, and J. Hernanz. 2005. Effect of soil compaction and water content on the resulting forces acting on three seed drill furrow openers. Soil and Tillage Research 81 (1): 25-37.
44. Shafaei, S. M., M. Loghavi, and S. Kamgar. 2017. Appraisal of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang type of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for draft force prediction of chisel plow implement. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 142 (1): 406-415.
45. Shafaei, S. M., M. Loghavi, and S. Kamgar. 2018. On the neurocomputing based intelligent simulation of tractor fuel efficiency parameters. Information Processing in Agriculture 5 (2): 205-223.
46. Solhjou, A., J. M. Fielke, J. M. A. Desbiolles, and C. Saunders. 2014. Soil translocation by narrow openers with various bent leg geometries. Biosystems Engineering 127: 41-49.
47. Soni, P., V. Salokhe, and H. Nakashima. 2007. Modification of a mouldboard plough surface using arrays of polyethylene protuberances. Journal of Terramechanics 44: 411-422.
48. Stanic, A., B. Hudobivnik, and B. Brank. 2016. Economic-design optimization of cross laminated timber plates with ribs. Composite Structures 154: 527-537.
49. Tagar, A. A., Changying, Q. Ding, J. Adamowski, F. A. Chandio, and I. A. Mari. 2014. Soil failure patterns and draft as influenced by consistency limits: An evaluation of the remolded soil cutting test. Soil and Tillage Research 137: 58-66.
50. Zhang, X., C. Wang, Zh. Chen, and Zh. Zeng. 2016. Design and experiment of a bionic vibratory subsoiler for banana fields in southern China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 9 (6): 75-83.
51. Zhou, Y., Y. Zheng, J. Pan, L. Sui, F. Xing, H. Sun, and P. Li. 2019. Experimental investigations on corrosion resistance of innovative steel-FRP composite bars using X-ray microcomputed tomography. Composites Part B: Engineering 161: 272-284.