با همکاری انجمن مهندسان مکانیک ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی لاتین

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات بیماری‌های گیاهان، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشکده فیزیک، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

4 شرکت واندا اطلس، کرج، ایران

چکیده

تشخیص زودهنگام بیماری گیاهان قبل از وقوع علائم، می‌تواند افت عملکرد را محصول را کاهش داده و کیفیت آن را افزایش دهد. این امر همچنین مصرف سموم شیمیایی، مشکلات زیست‌محیطی و هزینه تولید را کاهش می‌دهد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، تشخیص غیر تخریبی بیماری لکه‌موجی گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی و همچنین تشخیص مهم‌ترین عوامل بیماری‌زای آن (A. solani, A. alternate) از یکدیگر در مراحل اولیه بیماری، قبل از بروز علائم ظاهری، با استفاده از طیف‌سنجی مرئی/ فروسرخ نزدیک (400-900 نانومتر) بود. داده‌های طیفی از برگ‌های گیاهان آلوده به A. alternate و A. solani در 48، 72، 96 و 120 ساعت بعد از تلقیح بیماری استخراج شدند. به‌منظور توسعه مدل‌های تشخیص بر اساس داده‌های طیفی، از تجزیه مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) همراه با شبکه عصبی مصنوعی (ANN) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل PCA-ANN توانست گیاهان آلوده و نوع پاتوژن را با دقت 93-100 درصد در نمونه‌های تست شناسایی کند. در 96 ساعت بعد از تلقیح، علاوه بر به‌دست آمدن مدل ساده‌تر پیش‌بینی (8 مؤلفه اصلی و 3 نرون در لایه مخفی)، دقت 100 درصد تشخیص حاصل شد. مدل‌های تدوین شده، در تمامی زمان‌های بعد از تلقیح، در تشخیص گیاهان آلوده با A. solani که دارای قدرت بیماری‌زایی بالایی می‌باشد نسبت به گیاهان سالم، هیچ خطایی نداشتند. استفاده از طیف‌سنجی مرئی/ فروسرخ نزدیک (400-900 نانومتر) همراه با PCA-ANN توانست بیماری لکه‌موجی گوجه‌فرنگی و نوع پاتوژن آن را قبل از بروز علائم ظاهری (با دقت 100-93 درصد) بدون هیچ آماده‌سازی گیاه، به‌صورت غیر مخرب تشخیص دهد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که این تکنیک می‌تواند برای تشخیص سریع، کم‌هزینه و زودهنگام این بیماری گوجه‌فرنگی به‌جای روش‌های آزمایشگاهی زمان‌بر، گران و مخرب به‌کار رود.

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