نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 دانشگاه گیلان
چکیده
در این تحقیق میزان انرژی مصرفی و هزینه‌های ورودی تولید بادام‌زمینی در استان گیلان محاسبه شده است. اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه حضوری با 75 کشاورز به‌دست آمد. داده‌ها از سه گروه مزرعه با مساحت‌های کمتر از نیم هکتار، نیم تا یک هکتار و بیشتر از یک هکتار جمع‌آوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد، میزان انرژی ورودی برای تولید بادام‌زمینی 36/19407 مگاژول بر هکتار است. دو نهاده سوخت دیزل و کودهای شیمیایی به‌ترتیب با 05/50 و 14/19 درصد پرمصرف‌‌ترین نهاده‌های انرژی در تولید بادام‌زمینی بودند و تفاوت انرژی‌های ورودی سه نهاده ماشین‌ها، سوخت دیزل و الکتریسیته در مساحت‌های مختلف مزارع معنی‌دار (05/0>p) بود. میانگین کارایی انرژی در مساحت‌های کمتر از نیم هکتار، نیم تا یک هکتار و بیش از یک هکتار به‌ترتیب 67/3، 02/4 و 12/4 به‌دست آمد. بهره‌وری انرژی در این مساحت‌ها نیز به‌ترتیب 155/0، 169/0 و 174/0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول محاسبه شد. نتایج استفاده از تابع کاب داگلاس نشان داد که تأثیر نهاده‌های کار انسانی، ماشین‌ها، کودهای شیمیایی و الکتریسیته بر روی عملکرد مثبت و تأثیر نهاده‌های بذر، سوخت دیزل و سموم شیمیایی بر روی عملکرد بادام‌زمینی منفی بود. نسبت سود به هزینه 82/1 محاسبه شد و زمین‌های تحت کشت با مساحت بیشتر از یک هکتار از انرژی مصرفی و هزینه‌های ورودی کمتری بر واحد سطح برخوردار بودند.
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