با همکاری انجمن مهندسان مکانیک ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی لاتین

نویسندگان

1 گروه مکانیزاسیون و ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی اهواز، اهواز، ایران

10.22067/jam.2025.91786.1336

چکیده

کشاورزی یک صنعت غالب در کشورهای در حال توسعه است و در رتبه خطرناک‌ترین مشاغل قرار می‌گیرد. تراکتورها و ماشین‌های برداشت غلات از ماشین‌های کشاورزی خودگردان هستند که علی‌رغم نقش بی‌بدیل‌شان در افزایش بهره‌وری، سهم قابل‌توجهی در حوادث دارند. این حوادث هزینه‌های زیادی را به‌همراه دارد و بهره‌وری را کاهش می‌دهد. این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی میزان و شدت حوادث و تلفات انسانی و عوامل موثر بر حوادث مزرعه‌ای مربوط به تراکتورها و کمباین‌های کشاورزی در استان ایلام با استفاده از داده‌های مربوط به سال‌های 1402-1398 انجام شد. فراوانی حوادث تراکتورها و کمباین‌ها در مطالعه انجام‌شده، به‌ترتیب 61 و 43 بود که نشان‌دهنده‌ی اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری است. در این تحقیق در بین رانندگان تراکتور بیشترین حوادث ناشی از محور (P.T.O.)، هلیس و غلتک‌های تغذیه و در بین رانندگان کمباین، رایج‌ترین حوادث مربوط به نقاط برشی ماشین (شانه برش، چرخ‌دنده‌ها و غیره) بود. نرخ حوادث از جمله AFR (نرخ فرکانس حادثه)،ASR  (نرخ شدت حادثه)،FIR  (نرخ حادثه مرگبار) و FSI (شاخص شدت تکرار حادثه) محاسبه شد. میزان AFR، ASR،FIR  و FSI به‌ترتیب 25.84، 45.82، 1.66 و 1.066 برای کمباین‌ها و 5.60، 12.63، 4.44 و 0.262 درصد برای حوادث تراکتور بوده است. نرخ حوادث غیرمرگبار برای رانندگان کمباین‌ها 6445 در هر 100000 و برای رانندگان تراکتورها 4334 در هر 100000 بود، با این حال، تعداد حوادث کشنده تراکتور بیشتر از کمباین‌ها بود (445 و 330 در هر 100000 دستگاه).

کلیدواژه‌ها

©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

  1. Abbasi Balochkhaneh, F., Ghotbi Ravandi, M. R., Golkhani, F., Baes mat, S., & Hasan pour Sodre Jani, Z. (2016). Determining the most important hazards in the cement industry. Health Education and Health Promotion (HEHP), 4(3), 3-11. https://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-9277-en.pdf
  2. Abubakar, M. S., Ahmad, D., & Akande, F. B. (2010). A review of farm tractor overturning accidents and safety. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 18(2), 377-385. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268042049_A_Review_of_Farm_Tractor_Overturning_Accidents_and_Safety
  3. Akanbi, O. G., Charles-Owaba, O. E., & Olley, A. (2009). Human factors in traffic accidents in Lagos, Nigeria. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 18(4), 397-409. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560910984456
  4. Anonymous. (2023). Ilam Province Agricultural Jihad Organization. Department of Mechanized Technologies. (in Persian).
  5. Antunes, S. M., Cordeiro, C., & Teixeira, H. M. (2018). Analysis of fatal accidents with tractors in the Centre of Portugal: Ten years analysis. Forensic Science International, 287, 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.048
  6. Arnal,, López-Maestre Salas, A., Arazuri, S., Mangado, J. M., & Jaren, C. (2017). A multi-year analysis of traffic accidents involving agricultural tractors. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 88-93. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1758019
  7. Cecchini, M., Bedini, R., Mosetti, D., Marino, S., & Stasi, S. (2018). Safety knowledge and changing behavior in agricultural workers: An assessment model applied in central Italy. Safety and Health at Work, 9(2), 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.07.009
  8. Ceylan, H. (2012). Analysis of occupational accidents according to the sectors in Turkey. Gazi University Journal of Science, 25(4), 909-918. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/83575
  9. Chio, , Kim, K., & Jung, W. (2024). A Mini Review (PRISMA) on causes of incidents and injuries occurring in agricultural workplaces. Journal of Agriculture, 14(4), 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14040514
  10. Cividino, S. R. S., Pergher, G., Zucchi Atti, N., & Gubiani, R. (2018). Agricultural health and safety survey in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Agriculture, 8(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8010009
  11. Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques. (3rd). Wiley.
  12. Damalas, C. A., Koutroubas, S. D., & Abdollahzadeh, G. (2019). Drivers of personal safety in agriculture: A case study with pesticide operators. Agriculture, 9(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9020034
  13. Dimitrovski, Z. (2013). Fatal consequences in traffic accidents with tractors in the agriculture of Republic of Macedonia. Machines, Technologies, Materials. https://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/id/eprint/9670
  14. Du, Y., Dorneich, M. C., Steward, B. L., & Mackenzie, C. A. (2016). A Bayesian-influence model for error probability analysis of combine operations in harvesting. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 60(1), 1414-1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601325
  15. Edwards, J. P., & Sherlock, K. (2021). Opportunities for improving the safety of dairy parlor workers. Journal of Dairy Science, 104, 419-430. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18954
  16. Ehlers, S. G., & Field, W. E. (2017). Injury/fatality-causing incidents involving the rearward movement of agricultural machinery: Types, causes, and preventive measures. Safety, 3(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety3010008
  17. Esmaeili,, Vazirineghad, R., & Shahrokhi, F. (2008). A one-year study of accidents caused by work in farmers who have seen an accident and referred to the centers Healthcare of Bam city. Scientific, Specialized Quarterly Journal of Occupational Medicine, 1(1), 42-46. (in Persian). http://tkj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.html
  18. Fargnoli,, Lombardi, M., Haber, N., & Puri, D. (2018). The impact of human error in the use of agricultural tractors: Case study research in vineyard cultivation in Italy. Agriculture, 8(6), 82-102. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8060082
  19. Ghafari, M., Cheraghi, Z., & Dusti Irani, A. (2017). Occupational risk factors among Iranian farmworkers: A review of the available evidence. Epidemiology and Health, 39, e2017027. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017027
  20. Gholami,, Kalantari, D., & Rajabi Vandechli, M. (2017). Ergonomic evaluation of vibrations of a rototiller with new blade. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 7(2), 491-502. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.v7i2.56061
  21. Gite, L. P., Tiwari, P. S., & Khadatkar, A. (2010). Farm machinery accidents in Indian agriculture. In Proceedings of International Ergonomics Conference, HWWE 2009 (Vol. 1, pp. 283-290). University of Calcutta. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262457121
  22. Halvani, G. H., Fallah, H., Barkhordari, A., Khoskdaman, R., Behjat, M., & Koohi, F. (2010). A Survey of causes work related accidents in workplaces covered by Social Security Organization of Yazd in 2005. Iran Occupational Health, 7(39). https://www.sid.ir/paper/129161/en
  23. Hamalainen, P., Takala, J., & Kiat, T. B. (2017). Global estimates of occupational accidents and work-related illnesses 2017. Workplace Safety and Health Institute.
  24. Hayati, A., Marzban, A., & Asoodar, M. A. (2022). Workplace and gravity: Two mechanized cow milking systems compared for human physiological strains. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 12(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2020.58607.0
  25. Health and Safety Executive. (2012). Safe use of combine harvesters (AIS6 rev2). Retrieved from https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/ais6.htm
  26. Houshyar, M., & Houshyar, E. (2018). Tractor safety and related injuries in Iranian farms. Safety Science, 103, 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.11.0
  27. Health and Safety Authority. (2021). Farm Safety Action Plan 2021-2024https://www.hsa.ie/eng/publications_and_forms/publications/agriculture_and_forestry/farm-safety-action-plan-2021-2024.pdf.
  28. International Labour Organization. (2011). Safety and health in agriculture: Code of practice. International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/publications/safety-and-health-agriculture-code-practice
  29. Jaren, I., Ibarrola, A., Mangado, T., Adin, A., Amal, A., López-Maestre Salas, A., Rios, A., & Arazuri, S. (2022). Fatal tractor accidents in the agricultural sector in Spain during the past decade. Agronomy, 12(7), 1694. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071694
  30. Jun, L. J. (2014). The improvement on agricultural machinery safety using wireless sensing system and stability control algorithm. Sensors & Transducers, 178(9), 88-93. http://www.sensorsportal.com
  31. Karimi, K., & Fakhri, A. (2021). Farm vehicle crashes on U.S. public roads: A review paper. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 1(2), 34-54. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2021.112004
  32. Karimi, M., Sahragard, A., Rahimi Pordanjani, T., Mohammadi, A., Cousins, R., & Mo Karami, H. (2024). Development and validation of a model for predicting productivity based on psychosocial factors in administrative staff: The mediating role of physical and mental health. Health Education and Health Promotion, 12(2), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.58209/hehp.12.2.291
  33. Kasar, O., Comer Pay, E., İlhan, B., Eroğlu, O., & Deniz, T. (2023). An analysis of injuries due to tractor accidents: A ten-year retrospective study. Kırıkkale Universities Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(3), 472-481. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1356720
  34. Keskin, M., & Şekerli, Y. E. (2018). An evaluation of combine harvester accidents in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Mustafa Kemal University, 23(2), 137-147. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329913129
  35. Khosravi, J., Hashemi Nazari, S., Dehghani Fard, S., & Jabari, K. (2007). Investigating accidents caused by work leading to death among workers working in companies, the contracting of urban services and green spaces of Tehran Municipality in 2004 and 2005. Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine, 13(2), 68-77. (in Persian).
  36. Kors, B. (2019). Investigating indicators of safety performance monitoring and analysis of occupational accidents in the Golestan Link Cement Factory. The Fourth Specialized Conference of Tehran Cement Industrial Group. (in Persian). https://Tehrancement.co.ir
  37. Lohan, S. K., Singh, P., & Kumar, S. (2022). Agricultural work-related fatalities and injuries in Punjab (India). Injury Prevention, 28(5), 459-464. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044566
  38. Maisyaroh, A., Widianto, E. P., & Fibriansari, R. D. (2022). Determinants of injury in agricultural area. Nurse and Health. Journal Keperawatan, 11(1), 22-33.
  39. Mayrhofer, H., Quendler, E., & Boxberger, J. (2013). Occupational incidents with self-propelled machinery in Austrian agriculture. Journal of Agromedicine, 18(4), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2013.827997
  40. Merisalu, E., Lepala, L., Jakob, M., & Rautiainen, R. H. (2019). Variation in Eurostat and national statistics of accidents in agriculture. Agronomy Research, 17(5), 1969-1983. https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.19.190
  41. Mitrev ska, C., Mitrevski, V., & Kulevska, F. (2023). Statistical indicators for accidents at work in agriculture activity. Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture, 27(1), 22-24. https://doi.org/10.5937/jpea27-43287
  42. Mohammadi, A., Kheiralipour, K., Ghamary, B., Jahan Bakhshi, A., & Shahidi, R. (2023). Predicting whole-body vibration-based on linear regression models and determining permissible exposure time of tractor operator. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 13(2), 227-237. (in Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2021.73589.1071
  43. Moradhaseli, S., Farhadian, H., Abbasi, E., & Ghofranipour, F. (2017). Factors affecting the incidence of occupational accidents among farmers. Health Education and Health Promotion, 5(1), 39-56. https://hehp.modares.ac.ir/article-5-866-en.html
  44. Murphy, D. J., Myers, J., McKenzie Jr, E. A., Cavaletto, R., May, J., & Sorensen, J. (2010). Tractors and rollover protection in the United States. Journal of Agromedicine, 15(3), 249-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2010.484309
  45. Omidi Arjanki, M., Javadiyan, R., & Tabashir, A. (2022). Investigating the causes of agricultural vehicle accidents studied in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Child and Adolescent Social Injuries Journal. (in Persian). https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/2165417
  46. Parak, F., Pour Saeed, A., Eshraghi Samani, R., & Chaharsoghi Amin, H. (2021). Analyzing factors affecting reduction of agricultural occupational injuries among gardeners of Ilam Province. Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University. (in Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/iaeej.2021.248956.1558
  47. Park, N. J., Kang, C. H., Oh, I. S., Lee, Y. B., Jung, H., & Park, W. K. (1990). Survey on farm work accidents of farm machinery: Analysis on the accidents of combine harvester. Journal of Research Reports of the Rural Development Administration, Farm Management, Agricultural Engineering and Sericulture, 32(1), 24-32.
  48. Pawlak, H., Nowakowicz-Dębek, B., Wlazło, M., Maksym, P., & Sasakova, N. (2017). Farmers’ awareness in the field of occupational safety and health in sustainable management. In Proceedings of the X International Scientific Symposium "Farm Machinery and Processes Management in Sustainable Agriculture" (pp. 54-63). Lublin, Poland. https://doi.org/10.24326/fmpmsa.2017.54
  49. Quendler, E. R., Kogler, H., Mayrhofer, S., Ebner, S., Gross, L., TechNet, A., ... & Boxberger, J. (2014). Identification Neuer Technologies Zur Vermeidung von Arbeitsunfällen im Umfeld von Fahrzeugen, Maschinen und Geräten in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft. IKA. https://www.dafne.at/dafne_plus_homepage/index.p
  50. Sadat Haeri, Z., Bagherian, S. Kh., Bahrami, P., Tarjeman, Z., Karmi, Z., Karimi, M., Moradi, Y., Moradbaigi, A., & Mirzai, A. (2019). Statistical Yearbook of Ilam Province. Ilam Province Management and Planning Organization. pp. 171-172. (in Persian).
  51. Sarkar, S., Vinay, S., Raj, R., Maiti, J., & Mitra, P. (2018). Application of optimized machine learning techniques for prediction of occupational accidents. Computers and Operations Research, 106, 210-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2018.02.021
  52. Shikha, V., & Chaudhari, S. (2016). Highlights from the literature on risk assessment techniques adopted in the mining industry: A review of past contributions, recent developments and future scope. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 26(4), 691-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2016.05.023
  53. Social Insurance and General Health Insurance (SIGHI) Law, Law number: 5510, Gazette number: 26200 (2006). Retrieved from: https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=74711
  54. Singh, G., Tewari, V. K., & Hota, S. (2023). Agricultural accidents and ergonomic intervention in agricultural machinery design in India. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 25(4), 137-146. https://cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6039
  55. Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48, 1273-1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
  56. Tone, I. R., & Irwin, A. (2021). Safety in the field: Assessing the impact of stress and fatigue on situation awareness in Irish and British farmers. In Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) (pp. 274-283). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74608-7_35
  57. Volkovski, T., Chaloska, J., & Grad, M. P. (2018). Annual report for fatalities, injuries, and accidents at work. Macedonian Occupational Safety and Health Association. Retrieved from: https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/protection/safework/cis/about/mtg2009/macedonia.pdf
CAPTCHA Image