با همکاری انجمن مهندسان مکانیک ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری انگلیسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم زراعی و علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه دولتی لوپانه، لوپانه، زیمبابوه

2 گروه علوم دامی و مدیریت مراتع، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه دولتی لوپانه، لوپانه، زیمبابوه

3 دانشکده مدیریت عمومی، حکمرانی و سیاست‌گذاری عمومی، دانشگاه ژوهانسبورگ، گائوتنگ، آفریقای جنوبی

چکیده

مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی محرک حیاتی بهره‌وری، امنیت غذایی و کشاورزی پایدار در زیمبابوه و مناطق مختلف جهان است. در سراسر چشم‌اندازها و سیستم‌های کشاورزی متنوع در جهان، قدرت تحول‌آفرین آن به‌طور فزاینده‌ای به‌عنوان امری ضروری برای برآورده کردن نیازهای رو به رشد غذایی و تقویت اقتصادهای روستایی مقاوم شناخته می‌شود. با این وجود، کشاورزان خرده‌مالک با موانع متعددی برای مکانیزاسیون مواجه هستند که توانایی آن‌ها را در بهره‌مندی کامل از فناوری‌های مدرن کشاورزی محدود می‌کند. در دوران پس از اصلاحات ارضی، ناکارآمدی‌های سیستمی، نابرابری‌های مداوم و حمایت ناکافی نهادها، این چالش‌ها را تشدید کرده است. این مطالعه یک بررسی مروری روایی، با پشتیبانی از تکنیک‌های هدفمند، برای ترکیب داده‌های نشریات داوری شده، گزارش‌های سیاست‌گذاری و اسناد نهادی (2024-2000) است. منابع از طریق جستجوی کلمات کلیدی در Google Scholar، Scopus و ادبیات خاکستری شناسایی شدند و از تحلیل موضوعی برای استخراج موانع و فرصت‌ها در چشم‌انداز مکانیزاسیون زیمبابوه استفاده شد. یافته‌های کلیدی نشان می‌دهد که در حال حاضر تنها 12% از کشاورزان خرده‌پا در زیمبابوه از تراکتور استفاده می‌کنند، در حالی‌که 80% از کشاورزان بزرگ از تراکتور استفاده می‌کنند. مکانیزاسیون پتانسیل دو برابر کردن بازده محصول را دارد، که با افزایش 100% بهره‌وری در زیمبابوه و تا 150% در کشورهای مشابه مشهود است. با این حال، نابرابری‌های منطقه‌ای همچنان شدید است، به‌طوری‌که نرخ مکانیزاسیون از 5 تا 15 درصد در استان‌های خشک مانند ماتابلند جنوبی تا بیش از 50% در مناطق پربارتر مانند ماشونالند غربی متغیر است. با وجود این چالش‌ها، فرصت‌هایی برای پیشبرد مکانیزاسیون از طریق مراکز تولید محلی، فناوری‌های مقاوم در برابر آب و هوا و مدل‌های تامین مالی نوآورانه وجود دارد. این مطالعه با بررسی مقایسه‌ای ابتکارات موفق مکانیزاسیون در سایر کشورهای آفریقایی، استراتژی‌های عملی مانند بهبود انسجام سیاست‌ها، گسترش گزینه‌های تامین مالی مقرون به صرفه و تقویت مشارکت‌های دولتی و خصوصی را برجسته می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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