برآورد کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای، هزینه اجتماعی آلاینده‌ها و ارتقای کارایی مصرف انرژی در کشت گندم در مدیریت مکان محور نهاده‌های شیمیایی

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

اشکان جلیلیان ¹

محمد مهدی قاسمی ²

حسن قاسمی مبتکر ³

علی کعب ^{3، 4}

¹ گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

² موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

³ گروه‌ مهندسی ‌ماشین‌های‌کشاورزی‌، دانشکده ‌مهندسی‌ و‌ فناوری‌کشاورزی،‌ دانشگاه‌ تهران، کرج، ایران

⁴ کارشناس مکانیزاسیون و سنجش از دور، شرکت توسعه نیشکر و صنایع جانبی استان خوزستان، اهواز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2026.96928.1453

چکیده

افزایش بهره‌وری مصرف نهاده‌های شیمیایی و کاهش پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی، از چالش‌های اصلی کشاورزی مدرن است. مصرف بی‌رویه کودها و علف‌کش‌ها ضمن افزایش هزینه‌های تولید، باعث تشدید انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای و آلودگی منابع آب و خاک می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی اثر کاربرد نرخ متغیر کودها و علف‌کش‌ها بر شاخص‌های انرژی و انتشار آلاینده‌ها در کشت گندم آبی انجام شد. مطالعه در سال زراعی 1403-1402 در مزرعه‌ای تحقیقاتی به وسعت ۶ هکتار در کرج، استان البرز، با دو رویکرد مدیریتی شامل روش مرسوم و فناوری نرخ متغیر (VRT) اجرا شد. در رویکرد VRT، با استفاده از تصاویر پهپاد چندطیفی و داده‌های خاک، نقشه‌های مکانی توزیع عناصر غذایی تهیه و نرخ بهینه مصرف نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم و علف‌کش‌ها تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به‌ترتیب 22.2، 38.9 و 77 درصد و مصرف علف‌کش 82.4 درصد کاهش یافت. ورودی کل انرژی در رویکرد نرخ متغیر 17.4 درصد کمتر بود و شاخص‌های نسبت انرژی، بهره‌وری انرژی و انرژی خالص به‌ترتیب 18.9، 21.4 و 22.7 درصد افزایش یافتند. ارزیابی چرخه زندگی با روش ReCiPe2016 نشان داد که کاربرد نرخ متغیر نهاده‌ها پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی را 27.8 درصد و میانگین انتشار آلاینده‌ها را حدود 23 درصد کاهش داد. نتایج بیانگر آن است که فناوری نرخ متغیر می‌تواند ضمن کاهش مصرف نهاده‌ها و انتشار آلاینده‌ها، کارایی انرژی و پایداری تولید گندم را به شکل قابل‌توجهی بهبود دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آلودگی محیط‌زیست

بهره‌وری منابع

کشاورزی پایدار

تأثیرات زیست‌محیطی

کارایی نهاده‌ها

موضوعات

• پایداری، زیست‌اقتصاد چرخشی و تاب‌آوری محیطی

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Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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