ارزیابی توازن اقتصادی–زیست‌محیطی در تناوب‌های زراعی: مطالعه موردی تولید ماش

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی انگلیسی

نویسندگان

فاطمه نادی ¹

محمدهادی موحدنژاد ²

¹ گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد آزادشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آزادشهر، ایران

² گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.2026.97894.1475

چکیده

ردپای اکولوژیک، میزان فشار انسان بر منابع طبیعی و ظرفیت زیستی محیط را نشان می‌دهد و به‌طور گسترده برای ارزیابی پایداری کشاورزی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. این پژوهش اثر محصول پیشین (گندم، جو و کلزا) را بر عملکرد زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی تولید ماش بررسی کرد. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه با کشاورزان جمع‌آوری شد. شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی شامل ردپای اکولوژیک (EF)، ظرفیت زیستی (BC) و تراز اکولوژیک (EB)، و شاخص‌های اقتصادی شامل حاشیه سود ناخالص و نسبت فایده به هزینه (BCR) محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که محصول پیشین تأثیر معنی‌داری بر بیشتر شاخص‌ها داشت (0.05>P)؛ به‌طوری‌که کلزا با گندم و جو تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت، در حالی‌که بین گندم و جو تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. از دیدگاه زیست‌محیطی، کشت ماش پس از کلزا کمترین ردپای اکولوژیک کل (1.055 هکتار جهانی در هکتار) و بیشترین کارایی نسبی اکولوژیک (0.315) را داشت، اما کمترین ظرفیت زیستی (1.541 هکتار جهانی در هکتار) را نشان داد. کشت ماش پس از گندم بیشترین ردپای اکولوژیک (1.777 هکتار جهانی در هکتار) و همچنین بیشترین ظرفیت زیستی (2.277 هکتار جهانی در هکتار) را به خود اختصاص داد. اگرچه تراز اکولوژیک در تمامی تناوب‌ها مثبت بود (0.482 تا 0.500 هکتار جهانی در هکتار)، شاخص ردپای اکولوژیک (EFI) در محدوده «پایداری ضعیف» (0.216 تا 0.315) قرار گرفت و نسبت ردپای ناشی از بهره‌برداری بیش‌ازحد به ردپای ناشی از نهاده‌ها (EF_ovp/EF_inp) بین 4.30 تا 8.59 متغیر بود که نشان می‌دهد فشار ناشی از بهره‌برداری بیش‌ازحد به‌مراتب بیشتر از فشار ناشی از مصرف نهاده‌ها است. از نظر اقتصادی، گندم بالاترین حاشیه سود ناخالص (1887 دلار در هکتار) و نسبت فایده به هزینه (2.844) را به خود اختصاص داد، در حالی‌که کلزا کمترین مقادیر را نشان داد (به‌ترتیب 1032 دلار در هکتار و 1.479). شاخص ترکیبی با وزن‌های قابل‌تنظیم زیست‌محیطی–اقتصادی، آستانه مبادله‌ای را در حدود 0.55 w≈نشان داد؛ به‌گونه‌ای که در شرایط اولویت زیست‌محیطی، کلزا و در شرایط اولویت اقتصادی، گندم گزینه برتر بود. با توجه به ظرفیت زیستی منطقه مورد مطالعه، انتخاب گندم به‌عنوان محصول پیشین، متعادل‌ترین ترکیب مدیریت ردپای اکولوژیک و سودآوری اقتصادی را برای تولید ماش فراهم می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحلیل هزینه–فایده کشاورزی

ردپای اکولوژیک

ظرفیت زیستی

کارایی اقتصادی

محصول پیشین

موضوعات

• پایداری، زیست‌اقتصاد چرخشی و تاب‌آوری محیطی

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